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Intercultural Communication 跨文化交流 (通识核心-创新)

   The Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (ORPC) is designed to serve as a resource for researchers, teachers, students, and anyone who is interested in the interrelationships between Psychology and Culture.

 

Unit 1 - Historical Perspectives on the Study of Psychology and Culture

Many IACCP members who have been involved in the early activities of the Association in the 60ies have recently retired. Their recollections of events leading to the founding of IACCP are a valuable resource that needs to be preserved. These individuals, and others, have substantial files and documents from the early days, and subsequent years. All of these things are candidates for inclusion in the IACCP-sanctioned Archives Project, which seeks to collect and organize these materials, and to make them available to interested scholars.

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Subunit 1.1 - Events Leading to the foundation of IACCP

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The Climate for and Status of Cross-Cultural Psychology in the 1960s
Gustav Jahoda

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Out of the Lab and Into the World: How One Psychologist Became Cross-Cultural
Marshall H. Segall

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The Ibadan Conference and Beyond
Harry C. Triandis

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The Directories of Cross-Cultural Psychology (1968-1970): Building a Network
John W. Berry

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The Founding of JCCP in 1970 and its Early Development
Walter J. Lonner

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The 1971 Istanbul Conference: First Face-to-Face Meeting of Many Cross-Cultural Psychologists
Pieter J. D. Drenth

Unit 2 - Theoretical and Methodological Issues

This unit concerns two pillars of cross-cultural psychology: the theoretical issues on the one hand and the methodological issues on the other. Understanding of the notion of culture and research methods have been two important contributions of cross-cultural psychology to general psychology.

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Subunit 2.1 - Conceptual Issues in Psychology and Culture

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Odysseus Wandered for 10, I Wondered for 50 Years
Harry C. Triandis

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Reflections of a "Pre-Nominal" Cross-Cultural Psychologist
Gustav Jahoda

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Precursors of Cross-Cultural Psychology and the Context of Culture
Rogelio Diaz-Guerrero

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Culture, Psychology, and Education
David Matsumoto

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Automobiles, Individualism-Collectivism, and Psychic Systems: An Essay on the Functional Perspective in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Stefan Strohschneider

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Psychology of Morality
Diane Sunar

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Cross-, Intra-, and Just Plain Cultural
Douglass R. Price-Williams

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Culture and its Transfer: Ways of Creating General Knowledge Through the Study of Cultural Particulars
Jaan Valsiner

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Cultural Psychology and Cross-Cultural Psychology: The Case of Chinese Psychology
Carl Ratner

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Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Geert Hofstede

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An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values
Shalom H. Schwartz

Subunit 2.2 - Methodological Issues in Psychology and Culture

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Levels of Analysis in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Peter B. Smith

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Subjective Culture
Harry C. Triandis

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The Nature and Scope of Intra-Cultural Variation on Psychological Dimensions
Anu Realo and Jüri Allik

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Cross-Cultural Meta-Analyses
Dianne A. van Hemert

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Types of Comparative Studies in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Fons J. R. van de Vijver

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Ethical Issues Related to Psychological Testing in Africa: What I Have Learned (So Far)
Cheryl D. Foxcroft

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Bias and Equivalence in Cross-Cultural Research
Jia He and Fons van de Vijver

Unit 3 - Indigenous Approach

This unit focuses on the ways cultural and ethnic membership shape human beliefs by emphasizing an emic perspective. The idea is to understand the knowledge, skills, and beliefs of native people in their cultural setting without imposing Western theories of psychology that are culturally bound themselves and to analyze the means by which life gains meaning and purpose for members of various cultural and ethnic groups.

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Subunit 3.1 - Perspectives from Various Ethnic and Cultural Groups

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Directions in Gender Research in American Indian Societies: Two Spirits and Other Categories
Beatrice Medicine

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Hispanic Psychology: A 25-Year Retrospective Look
Amado M. Padilla

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Social Identity and Navajo High School Students: Is a Strong Social Identity Important in the School Context?
John W. Hinkley, Herbert W. Marsh, and Dennis M. McInerney

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Asian American Mental Health: What We Know and What We Don't Know
Joyce P. Chu and Stanley Sue

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Emmett Oliver's Story: Psycho-Social Development of an Extraordinary Native American
Susanna A. Hayes

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Cultural Psychology of African Americans
James M. Jones and Santiba Campbell

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Psychology of a Culture: Humanism and Social Ineffectiveness Embedded in Polish Ways of Life
Pawel Boski

Subunit 3.2 - Cultural Perspectives on Death, Dying, and Bereavement

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Cultural Interpretation of Dying and Death in a Non-Western Society: The Case of Nigeria
Frank Eyetsemitan

Unit 4 - General Psychological Issues in Cultural Perspective

Contributions of cross-cultural psychology to general psychology spun a wide range. In this Unit, we present some of these important contributions. An implicit assumption of general psychology as a discipline has been that human psychological processes are fundamentally universal. Nevertheless, cross-cultural investigations of basic personal processes have revealed that there are considerable differences in these processes across distinct cultural groups, concerning affect (emotion, mood, feeling), motivation (needs, motives, desire, goals), and cognition (beliefs, language, memory, planning, decision, problem-solving). These cultural differences are highlighted in Unit 4.

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Subunit 4.1 - Basic Psychological Processes and Culture

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Cultural Factors in Complex Decision Making
Stefan Strohschneider

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Emotion Representation and Perception Across Cultures
Jeanette Altarriba, Dana M. Basnight, and Tina M. Canary

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Planning in Brazil, India and Germany
C. Dominik Guess

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Decision Making in Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
C. Dominik Guess

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Implicit Motives Across Cultures
Jan Hofer and Athanasios Chasiotis

Subunit 4.2 - Language, Communication and Culture

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Bilingualism: Language, Memory and Applied Issues
Jeanette Altarriba

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Language and Culture
Chi-yue Chiu

Subunit 4.3 - Intelligence, Abilities, and Creativity Across Cultures

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Cultural Explorations of Human Intelligence Around the World
Robert J. Sternberg

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Creativity in the Brazilian Culture
Denise S. Fleith

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Understanding Human Abilities in Sub-Saharan African Settings
Elias Mpofu, Kayi Ntinda, and Thomas Oakland

Subunit 4.4 - Personality and Values Across Cultures

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Cross-Cultural Research on the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Robert R. McCrae

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Studying Personality Traits Across Cultures: Philippine Examples
A. Timothy Church and Marcia S. Katigbak

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Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Values Orientation Theory
Michael D. Hills

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Are Sexual Promiscuity and Relationship Infidelity Linked to Different Personality Traits Across Cultures? Findings from the International Sexuality Description Project
David P. Schmitt

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Measuring Personality and Values Across Cultures: Imported Versus Indigenous Measures
Fanny M. Cheung and Shu Fai Cheung

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Religion and Culture
Adam B. Cohen

Unit 5 - Social Psychology and Culture

Much of our behavior occurs in interaction with others. How are our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors influenced by others? The others may be strangers we have never met, or people with whom we have on-going relationships. They may be members of formal groups, or members of social categories who may or may not know each other. When we are with others, we first have to define the situation, in terms of who we are in relation to each other, in order to know how to treat each other and what to expect from each other. Are we friends, relatives, or others with whom we have obligations defined by our social statuses and cultural norms? Are we strangers with whom we can engage in some positive exchange, potential enemies who must be cautious, or people whom we can safely ignore?

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Subunit 5.1 - Stereotypes and Prejudice

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Why is There Still Racism if There is No Such Thing as "Race"?
Marshall H. Segall

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Stereotyping From the Perspective of Perceivers and Targets
Saera R. Khan, Teena Benda, and Michael N. Stagnaro

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The Contributing Role of Prevalent Belief Systems to Intergroup Attitudes and Behaviors
Sheri R. Levy, Tara West, and Lisa Rosenthal

Subunit 5.2 - Self and Identity

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Autobiographical Memory and Culture
Qi Wang

Subunit 5.3 - Social Motives and Behavior in Cultural Context

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Social Motives and Their Development in Cultural Context
Hans-Joachim Kornadt

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Measuring Helping Behavior Across Cultures
Robert V. Levine

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Promotion, Prevention or Both: Regulatory Focus and Culture Revisited
Jenny Kurman and Chin Ming Hui

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Including social goals in achievement motivation research: Examples from the Philippines
Ronnel B. King and Dennis M. McInerney

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A Cultural Perspective on Intergroup Relations and Social Identity
James H. Liu

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Helping and Volunteering across Cultures: Determinants of Prosocial Behavior
Arzu Aydinli, Michael Bender, and Athanasios Chasiotis

Subunit 5.4 - Interpersonal and Intergroup Relations

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Perception of Interpersonal Behaviors Across Cultures
John Adamopoulos

Unit 6 - Developmental Psychology and Culture

Imagine showing a video of parenting practices of rural Cameroonian mothers (a country in West Africa) to urban German mothers, and vice versa - studies have found that mothers react puzzled or even horrified to many of the practices of other cultural contexts, starting with the simple judgment on how much body contact is desirable for a child.

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Subunit 6.1 - Culture and Human Development: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

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Cultural Variations in Parental Support of Children's Play
Maureen Vandermaas-Peeler

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Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Life-Span Development: A Universalist Perspective
Ronald P. Rohner and Abdul Khaleque

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Culture and Adolescent Development
C S. Chen and Susan Farruggia

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Adolescent Future Orientation: An Integrated Cultural and Ecological Perspective
Rachel Seginer

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Culture and Development: Developmental Pathways to Psychological Autonomy and Hierarchical Relatedness (2)
Heidi Keller

Subunit 6.2 - Culture and Human Development: Adulthood and Old Age

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An Eco-Cultural and Interpersonal Relations Approach to Development over the Life Span
Gisela Trommsdorff

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Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Midlife and Later Years in Western and Non-Western Societies
Frank Eyetsemitan

Subunit 6.3 - Cultural Perspectives on Families

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A Model of Family Change in Cultural Context
Cigdem Kagitcibasi

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Family and Socialization Factors in Brazil: An Overview
Maria Auxiliadora Dessen and Cláudio V. Torres

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Family: Variations and Changes Across Cultures
James Georgas

Unit 7 - Applied Psychology and Culture

With increasing globalization, and continuing migration around the world, it is more important than ever to be culturally competent. One must be able to get along with and interact effectively with people from differing cultural backgrounds. To do this, one must have knowledge of other cultures, and be sensitive to cultural differences in verbal and non-verbal communication as well as cultural values and expectations for social behavior.

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Subunit 7.1 - Perspectives on Becoming More Culturally Competent

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Encouraging Depth Rather than Surface Processing about Cultural Differences Through Critical Incidents and Role Plays
Richard Brislin

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Communication and Cultural Competence: The Acquisition of Cultural Knowledge and Behavior
Jianglong Wang

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Cultural Metaphors: Their Use in Management Practice as a Method for Understanding Cultures
Martin J. Gannon

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Transcultural Ethnic Validity Model and Intracultural Competence
Forrest B. Tyler

Subunit 7.2 - Organizational Psychology in Cultural Context

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Leadership and Teamwork in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities
Zeynep Aycan

Unit 8 - Migration and Acculturation

The history of humankind has always been a history of migration; movements of whole populations can be observed throughout human history. But even if such phenomena are not restricted to just the last decades in which buzzwords like globalization have surfaced, societies have to come to terms with the rapidly changing cultural landscape.

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Subunit 8.1 - Acculturation and Adapting to Other Cultures

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Sojourners to Another Country: The Psychological Roller-Coaster of Cultural Transitions
Nan M. Sussman Ph.D.

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Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, and Coping
Ute Schönpflug

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Culture of Poverty: Lessons from Two Case Studies of Poverty in the Philippines; One Became Rich, the Other One Stayed Poor
Ma. Teresa Tuason

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Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors Across Cultures
P. Wesley Schultz

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Culture Shock Due to Contact with Unfamiliar Cultures
Stephen Bochner

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Acculturation as a Developmental Pathway
David Lackland Sam and Brit Oppedal

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Catalogue of Acculturation Constructs: Descriptions of 126 Taxonomies, 1918-2003
Floyd W. Rudmin

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Acculturation, Acculturative Change, and Assimilation: A Research Bibliography With URL Links
Floyd W. Rudmin

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Assessment of Acculturation: Issues and Overview of Measures
Ozgur Celenk and Fons J.R. Van de Vijver

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Japanese Students' Experience of Adaptation and Acculturation of the United Kingdom
Yuko Nippoda

Unit 9 - Biological Psychology, Neuropsychology and Culture

While it may not sound common to pay close attention to biological factors in the investigation of culture, the inclusion of such considerations has been present in many ideas that try to incorporate the ecological, geographical, and climatic contexts in which people live. Such approaches can often be described as an ‘ultimate’ explanatory route that is interested in delineating the overarching factors in human history contributing to a specific behavior or psychological phenomenon. Findings of such endeavors often provide insights into the causal factors responsible for these phenomenon; they address the questions of ‘why’ some psychological mechanisms have emerged, while others have not.

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Subunit 9.1 - Biology and Culture

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Evolution and Culture
Athanasios Chasiotis

Unit 10 - Health/Clinical Psychology and Culture

Promoting health and healing mental illnesses are universal goals of human beings. Counseling and psychotherapy serve to reach these goals. Based on this perspective, this unit is divided into three subunits.

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Subunit 10.1 - Health and Well-being Across Cultures

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Subjective Well-Being Across Cultures
Eunkook M. Suh and Shigehiro Oishi

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Cultural Perspectives on the Interactions Between Nutrition, Health, and Psychological Functioning
Frances E. Aboud

Subunit 10.2 - Culture and Mental Illness

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What Questions Arise when Studying Cultural Universals in Depression? Lessons from Abnormal Psychology Textbooks
Junko Tanaka-Matsumi and Robert Chang

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Somatization vs. Psychologization of Emotional Distress: A Paradigmatic Example for Cultural Psychopathology
Andrew G. Ryder, Jian Yang, and Steven J. Heine

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Cultural Aspects of Depressive Experience and Disorders
Anthony J. Marsella

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Revisiting the Mutual Embeddedness of Culture and Mental Illness
David Lackland Sam and Virginia Moreira

Subunit 10.3 - Counseling and Psychotherapy in Cultural Context

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The Making of a Culturally Competent Counselor
Paul B. Pedersen

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Through Silence We Speak: Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy with Canadian First Nation Clients
Arthur W. Blue, Wes G. Darou, and Carlos Ruano

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Culture and Counseling
Clemmont E. Vontress

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High School Counseling: Essential Services for Reservation Based Native Americans for Beginning Counselors
Susanna A. Hayes

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Culturally Responsive Approaches to School Violence Prevention
Susanna A. Hayes and Molly J. Foote

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Japanese Culture and Therapeutic Relationship
Yuko Nippoda

Unit 11 - Teaching of Psychology and Culture

All units and articles in the ORPC are designed to deal with relatively independent topics across a broad spectrum of psychological research, theory, and everyday applications, to give an overview of the state of art, but also to serve for teaching purposes. This unit 11 is exclusively designed to information about Teaching. There is some information on the IACCP homepage (IACCP.org) – included are course syllabi and a list of institutions that feature courses or programs that were designed to be part of the psychological curricula of many colleges and universities throughout the world – and we plan to integrate this information into this section in the near future. We have created a tentative structure for this unit that consists of four main parts.

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Subunit 11.1 - Reflections about Teaching of Psychology and Culture

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Introductory Psychology Texts and the Inclusion of Culture
Walter J. Lonner and Elke Murdock

Subunit 11.4 - Lectures, Anecdotes, Exercises, and Demonstrations

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Application of Cultural Metaphors and Cross-Cultural Paradoxes in the Classroom
Yochanan Altman, Michael Berry, Paul R. Cerotti, Claire Davison, Martin J. Gannon, Tine Koehler, Christine Nielsen, Rajnandi Pillai, Lawrence C. Rhyne, and Carl A. Scheraga

 

http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/contents.html

 

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